{"id":87,"date":"2025-06-24T09:27:36","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T01:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1.14.207.80\/?p=87"},"modified":"2025-06-24T09:32:37","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T01:32:37","slug":"linux%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%ef%bc%88%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e6%9f%a5%e6%89%be%e3%80%81%e5%8e%8b%e7%bc%a9%e6%89%93%e5%8c%85%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/2025\/06\/24\/linux%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%ef%bc%88%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e6%9f%a5%e6%89%be%e3%80%81%e5%8e%8b%e7%bc%a9%e6%89%93%e5%8c%85%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u6587\u672c\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u6253\u5305\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1. locate \u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/strong><\/h4>\n
locate [\u9009\u9879] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/th>\n\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\n\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
-i<\/code><\/td>\n\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/td>\nlocate -i config<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-r<\/code><\/td>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\nlocate -r "\\.conf$"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-n N<\/code><\/td>\n\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u524dN\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c<\/td>\nlocate -n 5 "*.log"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u4f9d\u8d56\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u66f4\u65b0\uff1asudo updatedb<\/code><\/li>\n
  • \u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u627e\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u9700\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09<\/li>\n
  • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u66f4\u65b0\u5468\u671f\uff1a\u6bcf\u65e5\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n
    \u4e8c\u3001find \u9ad8\u7ea7\u67e5\u627e<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
    find [\u8def\u5f84] [\u9009\u9879] [\u64cd\u4f5c]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    2. \u6838\u5fc3\u641c\u7d22\u6761\u4ef6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u6761\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/th>\n\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/th>\n\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u540d\u79f0\/INODE<\/strong><\/td>\n-name "\u6a21\u5f0f"<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/etc -name "*.conf"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n-iname "\u6a21\u5f0f"<\/code><\/td>\nfind . -iname "readme*"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n-inum N<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/ -inum 12345<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/td>\n-type [fdlbcsp]<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/var -type d<\/code> (\u76ee\u5f55)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u7528\u6237\/\u7ec4<\/strong><\/td>\n-user name<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/home -user alice<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n-group name<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/ -group devs<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u7279\u6b8a\u5f52\u5c5e<\/strong><\/td>\n-nouser<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/tmp -nouser<\/code> (\u65e0\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6587\u4ef6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n-nogroup<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/var -nogroup<\/code> (\u65e0\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/td>\n-empty<\/code><\/td>\nfind . -empty<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u76ee\u5f55\u6df1\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n-maxdepth N<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/ -maxdepth 2 -name "*.log"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n-mindepth N<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/var -mindepth 3 -type f<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong><\/td>\n-size [+-]N[cwkMG]<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/ -size +100M<\/code> (>100MB)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff08\u5929\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n-atime\/-mtime\/-ctime N<\/code><\/td>\nfind \/var\/log -mtime -7<\/code> (7\u5929\u5185\u4fee\u6539)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff08\u5206\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n-amin\/-mmin\/-cmin N<\/code><\/td>\nfind ~ -amin -30<\/code> (30\u5206\u949f\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/td>\n-perm 644<\/code><\/td>\n\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n-perm \/444<\/code><\/td>\n\u4efb\u610f\u7528\u6237\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n-perm -444<\/code><\/td>\n\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    3. \u7ec4\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u903b\u8f91\u7b26<\/strong><\/th>\n\u542b\u4e49<\/strong><\/th>\n\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    -a<\/code><\/td>\n\u4e0e (\u9ed8\u8ba4)<\/td>\nfind \/ -size +50M -a -name "*.iso"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -o<\/code><\/td>\n\u6216<\/td>\nfind \/ \\( -name "*.txt" -o -name "*.log" \\)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -not<\/code><\/td>\n\u975e<\/td>\nfind \/var -not -user root<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u590d\u6742\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # \u67e5\u627e\/etc\u4e0b\u975esecurity\u76ee\u5f55\u7684.conf\u6587\u4ef6\nfind \/etc -path '\/etc\/security' -prune -o -name "*.conf" -print\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u5fb7\u6469\u6839\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u975e(root\u6216postfix\u7528\u6237)\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\nfind \/var -mtime -7 -not \\( -user root -o -user postfix \\)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    4. \u5904\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u52a8\u4f5c<\/strong><\/th>\n\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\n\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    -ls<\/code><\/td>\n\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\nfind \/tmp -name "*.tmp" -ls<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -fls \u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/td>\n\u4fdd\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\nfind \/home -fls results.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -delete<\/code><\/td>\n\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\nfind \/var\/tmp -mtime +30 -delete<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -exec \u547d\u4ee4 \\;<\/code><\/td>\n\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u65e0\u786e\u8ba4\uff09<\/td>\nfind . -name "*.bak" -exec rm {} \\;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -ok \u547d\u4ee4 \\;<\/code><\/td>\n\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u9700\u786e\u8ba4\uff09<\/td>\nfind . -size +100M -ok mv {} \/backup\/ \\;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # \u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\nfind \/var\/log -size +500M -delete\n\n# \u6279\u91cf\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26 {}\uff09\nfind \/src -name "*.conf" -exec cp {} \/backup\/ \\;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
    \u4e09\u3001xargs \u547d\u4ee4\u589e\u5f3a<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    1. \u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd<\/h4>\n
    \u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
    find [\u6761\u4ef6] | xargs [\u9009\u9879] [\u547d\u4ee4]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    2. \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/th>\n\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\n\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    -n N<\/code><\/td>\n\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f20\u9012N\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n`echo 1 2 3 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -I {}<\/code><\/td>\n\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/td>\n`find . -name \u201c*.txt\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -t<\/code><\/td>\n\u5148\u6253\u5370\u547d\u4ee4\u518d\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n`echo file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -p<\/code><\/td>\n\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u786e\u8ba4<\/td>\n`find \/tmp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -r<\/code><\/td>\n\u65e0\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n`find \/empty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -0<\/code><\/td>\n\u5904\u7406\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\/\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/td>\n`find -print0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    3. \u5b89\u5168\u5904\u7406\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/h4>\n
    # \u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u63a8\u8350\uff09\nfind . -print0 | xargs -0 rm\n\n# \u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5371\u9669\uff01\u53ef\u80fd\u8bef\u5220\uff09\nfind . | xargs rm  # \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u65f6\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
    \u56db\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u6253\u5305<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    1. \u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/th>\n\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/th>\n\u89e3\u538b\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/th>\n\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    compress<\/code><\/td>\ncompress \u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/td>\nuncompress \u6587\u4ef6.Z<\/code><\/td>\n\u53e4\u8001\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    gzip<\/code><\/td>\ngzip \u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/td>\ngunzip \u6587\u4ef6.gz<\/code><\/td>\n\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0c\u901a\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    bzip2<\/code><\/td>\nbzip2 \u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/td>\nbunzip2 \u6587\u4ef6.bz2<\/code><\/td>\n\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u6162<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    xz<\/code><\/td>\nxz \u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/td>\nunxz \u6587\u4ef6.xz<\/code><\/td>\n\u8d85\u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u7387\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u6162<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/td>\n-k<\/code> \u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n-d<\/code> \u89e3\u538b<\/td>\n-#<\/code> \u538b\u7f29\u7ea7\u522b(1-9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # \u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\ngzip -k -9 largefile.iso\n\n# \u67e5\u770b\u800c\u4e0d\u89e3\u538b\nzcat file.gz     # gzip\nbzcat file.bz2   # bzip2\nxzcat file.xz    # xz\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    2. zip \u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u538b\u7f29<\/strong><\/h4>\n
    # \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\nzip -r \u5b58\u6863\u540d.zip \u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\n\n# \u52a0\u5bc6\u538b\u7f29\nzip -P \u5bc6\u7801 \u52a0\u5bc6.zip \u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\n\n# \u89e3\u538b\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\nunzip \u5b58\u6863.zip -d \u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    3. tar \u5f52\u6863\u5927\u5e08<\/strong><\/h4>\n
    # \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\ntar [\u4e3b\u9009\u9879] [\u8f85\u9009\u9879] \u5b58\u6863\u6587\u4ef6 \u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u4e3b\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/th>\n\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\n\u8f85\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/th>\n\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    c<\/code><\/td>\n\u521b\u5efa\u5b58\u6863<\/td>\nv<\/code><\/td>\n\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    x<\/code><\/td>\n\u89e3\u538b\u5b58\u6863<\/td>\nf<\/code><\/td>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u5b58\u6863\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t<\/code><\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\nC<\/code><\/td>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u538b\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u538b\u7f29\u8054\u5408\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa\u538b\u7f29\u5b58\u6863\ntar czvf \u5b58\u6863.tar.gz \u76ee\u5f55      # gzip\u538b\u7f29\ntar cjvf \u5b58\u6863.tar.bz2 \u76ee\u5f55     # bzip2\u538b\u7f29\ntar cJvf \u5b58\u6863.tar.xz \u76ee\u5f55      # xz\u538b\u7f29\n\n# \u89e3\u538b\u538b\u7f29\u5305\ntar xzvf \u5b58\u6863.tar.gz -C \u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\ntar xjvf \u5b58\u6863.tar.bz2\ntar xJvf \u5b58\u6863.tar.xz\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    4. \u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n
    # \u751f\u6210\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\ndd if=\/dev\/zero of=test.img bs=1M count=1024\n\n# \u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u538b\u7f29\u5386\u53f2\u65e5\u5fd7\nfind \/var\/log -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -exec tar czvf old_logs.tar.gz {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
    \u4e94\u3001\u91cd\u70b9\u6280\u5de7\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      find \u9ec4\u91d1\u7ec4\u5408<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
      # \u5b89\u5168\u5904\u7406\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\nfind . -print0 | xargs -0 command\n\n# \u590d\u6742\u6761\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\nfind \/ \\( -path \/proc -o -path \/sys \\) -prune -o -name "*.conf"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u538b\u7f29\u9009\u62e9\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \n
      • \u5feb\u901f\u538b\u7f29 \u2192 gzip<\/code><\/li>\n
      • \u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u7387 \u2192 xz<\/code><\/li>\n
      • Windows\u517c\u5bb9 \u2192 zip<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u89c4\u8303<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
        # \u6e05\u740630\u5929\u524d\u65e5\u5fd7\nfind \/var\/log -type f -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete\n\n# \u6bcf\u65e5\u5907\u4efd\u589e\u91cf\ntar czvf backup-$(date +%F).tar.gz --newer-than "1 day ago" \/data\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87\/revisions\/90"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}