{"id":76,"date":"2025-06-24T08:30:27","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T00:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1.14.207.80\/?p=76"},"modified":"2025-06-24T08:31:12","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T00:31:12","slug":"linux%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%ef%bc%88%e6%8f%90%e7%a4%ba%e7%ac%a6%e3%80%81%e5%bc%80%e5%85%b3%e6%9c%ba%e3%80%81selinux-%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/2025\/06\/24\/linux%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%ef%bc%88%e6%8f%90%e7%a4%ba%e7%ac%a6%e3%80%81%e5%bc%80%e5%85%b3%e6%9c%ba%e3%80%81selinux-%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3001\u5f00\u5173\u673a\u3001selinux…\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u767b\u5f55\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. \u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/th>\u547d\u4ee4\/\u5feb\u6377\u952e<\/strong><\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u5207\u6362\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td>Ctrl+Alt+F1~F6<\/code><\/td>\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td><\/tr>
\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td>tty<\/code><\/td>\u663e\u793a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u540d<\/td><\/tr>
\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237<\/td>who<\/code><\/td>\u5217\u51fa\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/td><\/tr>
\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237<\/td>whoami<\/code><\/td>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8eab\u4efd<\/td><\/tr>
\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6d3b\u52a8<\/td>w<\/code><\/td>\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Ubuntu Root\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
# \u4e34\u65f6\u5207\u6362root\nsudo -i\n\n# \u5f00\u542froot\u767b\u5f55\uff08SSH\uff09\n1. sudo apt install openssh-server\n2. sudo vim \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\n   \u2192 PermitRootLogin yes\n3. sudo systemctl restart ssh\n4. sudo passwd root  # \u8bbe\u7f6eroot\u5bc6\u7801<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. \u91cd\u542f\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
reboot          # \u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u542f\ninit 6          # \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b6\u91cd\u542f\nshutdown -r now # \u8ba1\u5212\u91cd\u542f\nCtrl+Alt+Del    # \u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u5feb\u6377\u952e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2. \u5173\u673a\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
poweroff        # \u7acb\u5373\u5173\u673a\nhalt            # \u505c\u6b62\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\ninit 0          # \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b0\u5173\u673a\nshutdown -h now # \u8ba1\u5212\u5173\u673a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u26a0\ufe0f Ubuntu\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u9700\u52a0 sudo<\/code>
sudo poweroff<\/code><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001Shell\u4e0e\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5b9a\u5236<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. Shell\u57fa\u7840<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
echo $SHELL      # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dshell\nps a             # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684shell\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2. \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u683c\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/th>\u542b\u4e49<\/strong><\/th>\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/th>\u542b\u4e49<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\\e<\/code><\/td>\u63a7\u5236\u7b26<\/td>\\u<\/code><\/td>\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237<\/td><\/tr>
\\H<\/code><\/td>\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/td>\\w<\/code><\/td>\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>
\\W<\/code><\/td>\u76ee\u5f55\u57fa\u540d<\/td>\\t<\/code><\/td>24\u5c0f\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr>
\\T<\/code><\/td>12\u5c0f\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>!<\/code><\/td>\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u53f7<\/td><\/tr>
#<\/code><\/td>\u5f00\u673a\u540e\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba1\u6570<\/td>$<\/code><\/td>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u793a\u7b26<\/td><\/tr>
#<\/code><\/td>root\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u793a\u7b26<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
3. \u6c38\u4e45\u4fee\u6539\u63d0\u793a\u7b26<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Rocky\/AlmaLinux:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u5168\u5c40\u751f\u6548\necho 'PS1=\"\\[\\e[1;32m\\][\\t] \\[\\e[1;33m\\]\\u\\[\\e[0m\\]@\\[\\e[1;31m\\]\\W\\[\\e[0m\\]\\\\$ \"' > \/etc\/profile.d\/prompt.sh\nsource \/etc\/profile.d\/prompt.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ubuntu:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u751f\u6548\necho 'PS1=\"\\[\\e[1;32m\\][\\t] \\[\\e[1;33m\\]\\u\\[\\e[0m\\]@\\[\\e[1;31m\\]\\W\\[\\e[0m\\]\\\\$ \"' >> ~\/.bashrc\nsource ~\/.bashrc<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. \u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
hostnamectl set-hostname new-hostname  # \u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u5b57\u6bcd\/\u6570\u5b57\/\u6a2a\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2. \u65f6\u533a\u8bbe\u7f6e (Ubuntu)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
timedatectl set-timezone Asia\/Shanghai<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3. \u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
yum -y install postfix    # \u5b89\u88c5\nsystemctl restart postfix # \u91cd\u542f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4. \u5173\u95edSELinux<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
vim \/etc\/selinux\/config  # \u4fee\u6539SELINUX=disabled<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5. \u767b\u5f55\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\/etc\/issue<\/code><\/td>\u767b\u5f55\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/motd<\/code><\/td>\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u4e94\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. \u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/th>\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/th>\u68c0\u6d4b\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\u5d4c\u5165\u5728shell\u4e2d\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb<\/td>type \u547d\u4ee4<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\u72ec\u7acb\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58<\/td>type -a \u547d\u4ee4<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
2. \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
graph LR\nA[\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4] --> B{\u662f\u522b\u540d\uff1f}\nB -->|\u662f| C[\u6267\u884c\u522b\u540d]\nB -->|\u5426| D{\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\uff1f}\nD -->|\u662f| E[\u6267\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4]\nD -->|\u5426| F{\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\uff1f}\nF -->|\u662f| G[\u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4]\nF -->|\u5426| H[command not found]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3. \u8def\u5f84\u7f13\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
echo $PATH       # \u67e5\u770b\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\nhash             # \u663e\u793a\u7f13\u5b58\u8def\u5f84\nhash -r          # \u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\nhash -d command  # \u6e05\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7f13\u5b58<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
# CPU\u4fe1\u606f\ncat \/proc\/cpuinfo\ngrep -c '^processor' \/proc\/cpuinfo  # \u6838\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1\n\n# \u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\nfree -h\ncat \/proc\/meminfo\n\n# \u786c\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f\nlsblk\ncat \/proc\/partitions\n\n# \u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c\nuname -r\ncat \/etc\/os-release<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2. \u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
init 3  # \u5173\u95ed\u56fe\u5f62\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ninit 5  # \u542f\u52a8\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3. Screen\u7ec8\u7aef\u590d\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
yum -y install epel-release screen  # \u5b89\u88c5\nscreen -S session_name             # \u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd\nCtrl+a d                           # \u5206\u79bb\u4f1a\u8bdd\nscreen -r session_name             # \u6062\u590d\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u4e03\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. \u5f15\u53f7\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/th>\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
''<\/code><\/td>\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>echo '$PATH'<\/code> \u2192 $PATH<\/td><\/tr>
\"\"<\/code><\/td>\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4f46\u5ffd\u7565\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>echo \"$USER\"<\/code> \u2192 root<\/td><\/tr>
``<\/code><\/td>\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u8f93\u51fa<\/td>echo<\/code>date“ \u2192 \u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr>
$()<\/code><\/td>\u73b0\u4ee3\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/td>echo $(ls)<\/code> \u2192 \u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
2. echo\u63a7\u5236\u7b26<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/th>\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/th>\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\\a<\/code><\/td>\u54cd\u94c3\u8b66\u544a<\/td>\\b<\/code><\/td>\u9000\u683c<\/td><\/tr>
\\e<\/code><\/td>ESC\u8f6c\u4e49<\/td>\\n<\/code><\/td>\u6362\u884c<\/td><\/tr>
\\r<\/code><\/td>\u56de\u8f66\u4e0d\u6362\u884c<\/td>\\t<\/code><\/td>\u5236\u8868\u7b26<\/td><\/tr>
\\\\<\/code><\/td>\u8f93\u51fa\u53cd\u659c\u6760<\/td>\\0nnn<\/code><\/td>\u516b\u8fdb\u5236ASCII\u5b57\u7b26<\/td><\/tr>
\\xHH<\/code><\/td>\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236ASCII\u5b57\u7b26<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
3. cat\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/th>\u7a7a\u884c\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/th>\u793a\u4f8b\u8f93\u51fa<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
cat -n file<\/code><\/td>\u6dfb\u52a0\u884c\u53f7<\/td>1 \u5185\u5bb9<\/code>
2<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
nl file<\/code><\/td>\u5ffd\u7565\u7a7a\u884c<\/td>1 \u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
cat -A file<\/code><\/td>\u663e\u793a\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>^I\u5236\u8868\u7b26$<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u516b\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. \u865a\u62df\u673a\u78c1\u76d8\u70ed\u6dfb\u52a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
# \u5355\u4e3b\u673a\u626b\u63cf\necho '- - -' > \/sys\/class\/scsi_host\/host0\/scan\n\n# \u591a\u4e3b\u673a\u626b\u63cf (Ubuntu)\nfor i in {0..32}; do echo '- - -' > \/sys\/class\/scsi_host\/host$i\/scan; done<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2. \u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
whatis command    # \u7b80\u77ed\u63cf\u8ff0 (\u9700\u5148\u8fd0\u884cmandb)\ncommand --help    # \u5feb\u901f\u5e2e\u52a9\nman command       # \u5b8c\u6574\u624b\u518c\nls \/usr\/share\/doc # \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3. \u73af\u5883\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
echo $LANG  # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e00\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u767b\u5f55\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7ba1\u7406 1. \u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c \u64cd\u4f5c \u547d\u4ee4\/\u5feb\u6377\u952e \u8bf4\u660e \u5207\u6362\u7ec8\u7aef Ctrl+Alt+F1~F6  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76\/revisions\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangjianjia.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}